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直升機(jī)飛行教員手冊 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

時(shí)間：2012-06-08 09:45來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

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? hover-taxi.
Review
Exercise 6: Hovering Motivation
Manoeuvring close to the ground and obstacles is very much part of the operational environment, particularly in confined areas and when clearing a parking area. These are important exercises that must be mastered completely.
Airmanship
? Lookout: obstacles
? Helicopter limitations
Teaching Points
? Turn at the hover
Describe the techniques for making hovering turns, and stress the following points:
The effects of weathercocking must be taken into account.
There can be problems with yaw control and a need for increased power when the helicopter is downwind, or crosswind, in strong wind conditions
Lookout is important during all hovering manoeuvres and, in particular, for low obstacles that are hard to see and that can snag the landing gear or tail rotor.
In strong or gusty wind conditions, a turn away from into the wind should be in the opposite direction to the torque reaction (i.e. to the left in a helicopter with a counter-clock turning rotor). In this way it is possible to ensure that there is sufficient tail rotor control available. If control limits are reached at this stage, a safe return to into-wind is easily accomplished.
No turns or any movements from the hover should be initiated until the helicopter is settled in an accurate hover at the required RPM and power setting.
The continuous use of high power in this exercise means that a careful watch should be kept on engine temperatures and pressures. Prolonged hovering out of the wind should be avoided on some types of helicopter because of the dangers from carbon monoxide in the cockpit.
In some helicopters at certain C of G configurations (i.e. high cabin loading)
it is possible to reach the aft cyclic limits when hovering downwind. Warn the student of this possibility and describe the safe recovery actions when:
? turning into the wind
? landing straight ahead.

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